Rabindranath Tagore, Bengali Rabīndranāth Ṭhākur, (born May 7, 1861, Calcutta ( now Kolkata), India — failed August 7, 1941, Calcutta), Bengali minstrel, short- story pen, song musician, playwright, essayist, and painter who introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models grounded on classical Sanskrit. He was largely influential in introducing Indian culture to the West and vice versa, and he’s generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of early 20th-century India. In 1913 he came the firstnon-European to admit the Nobel Prize for Literature.

The son of the religious reformer Debendranath Tagore, he beforehand began to write verses, and, after deficient studies in England in the late 1870s, he returned to India. There he published several books of poetry in the 1880s and completed Manasi (1890), a collection that marks the growing of his genius. It contains some of his best- known runes, including numerous in verse forms new to Bengali, as well as some social and political lampoon that was critical of his fellow Bengalis.
In 1891 Tagore went to East Bengal ( now in Bangladesh) to manage his family’s estates at Shilaidah and Shazadpur for 10 times. There he frequently stayed in a houseboat on the Padma River (the main channel of the Ganges River), in close contact with vill folk, and his sympathy for them came the keynote of important of his after jotting. Utmost of his finest short stories, which examine “ humble lives and their small miseries,” date from the 1890s and have a pungency, laced with gentle irony, that’s unique to him (though admirably captured by the director Satyajit Ray in after film acclimations). Tagore came to love the Bengali country, utmost of all the Padma River, an frequently- repeated image in his verse. During these times he published several poetry collections, specially Sonar Tari (1894; The Golden Boat), and plays, specially Chitrangada (1892; Chitra). Tagore’s runes are nearly untranslatable, as are his further than songs, which achieved considerable fashionability among all classes of Bengali society.

in 1901 Tagore innovated an experimental academy in pastoral West Bengal at Shantiniketan (“ Residence of Peace”), where he sought to blend the stylish in the Indian and Western traditions. He settled permanently at the academy, which came Visva-Bharati University in 1921. Times of sadness arising from the deaths of his woman and two children between 1902 and 1907 are reflected in his after poetry, which was introduced to the West in Gitanjali (Song Offerings) (1912). This book, containing Tagore’s English prose restatements of religious runes from several of his Bengali verse collections, including Gitanjali (1910), was hailed byW.B. Yeats and André Gide and won him the Nobel Prize in 1913. Tagore was awarded a knighthood in 1915, but he repudiated it in 1919 as a kick against the Amritsar (Jallianwalla Bagh) Massacre.

From 1912 Tagore spent long ages out of India, speaking and reading from his work in Europe, the Americas, and East Asia and getting an eloquent prophet for the cause of Indian independence. Tagore’s novels in Bengali are less well given than his runes and short stories; they include Gora (1910) and Ghare-Baire (1916), restated into English as Gora and The Home and the World, independently. In the late 1920s, when he was in his 60s, Tagore took up oil and produced workshop that won him a place among India’s foremost contemporary artists.